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Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Dear Mister Essay Writer Guy

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Saturday, August 1, 2020

How to Protect Your Company against Hackers

How to Protect Your Company against Hackers High profile hackings have become a common place in the world of business. Each year seems to bring about more cases while security experts are constantly lashing out warnings.But what is hacking all about and how should your business protect itself against this growing threat? © Shutterstock.com | frank_petersThis guide will provide you an understanding of hacking and why it is a big issue for big and small businesses. Youâ€™ll also be able to read about the five key security aspects that can protect your business. Youâ€™ll hopefully come away with an understanding of the necessity of protecting your business and the confirmation that security doesnâ€™t need to be complicated.WHY SHOULD YOU TAKE HACKING SERIOUSLY?Hacking has become one of the most talked about subjects in the business world. Itâ€™s not just a topic security experts discuss in dim IT rooms, but all major business magazines and organizations continuously report about the importance of taking hacking seriously.What is hacking?So, what does hacking mean? It essentially is a practice, which sees a person modifying the features of a specific system, in order to achieve a goal, for which the system is not originally designed to perform. In short, hacking could be performed on all sorts of things , with computer hacking being the most common form.While the actual modification, i.e. hacking, could have positive and beneficial intentions, most associate hacking with criminal activities. Hacking can be used in order to break into the IT system of organizations and cause disruption by making the system non-operational or by stealing information.Should your business care about hackers?Hacking has made big headlines in recent years and business owners have become increasingly aware of the threat. PwC conducted a survey in 2014 and asked over 9,600 IT executives globally whether theyâ€™ve experienced hacking in the past year. According to the survey, 41% of the respondents had experienced at least one security incident during the year. In the UK, the number of security incidents that year had increased by 69%, with global increases close to 25%.Since the majority of the headlines feature big companies, such as TalkTalk and SnapChat, many small business owners tend to overlook the i ssue of hacking. But security company Symantec found hacking against small businesses increased by 300% in 2012 from attacks in the previous year. Hacking is a threat to big and small businesses, with small businesses often having the lack of resources as a disadvantage.But what damage can hacking do to your business, whether it is a large corporation or a small business? Perhaps the thing you should be most concerned is financial damage. In fact, in the PwC survey, the respondents that said theyâ€™ve experienced hacking, nearly 40% said it had resulted in financial losses.Hacking can result in direct theft of finances, but it can also impact your ability to be paid by customers and third parties. It can completely shut down your business operations and create financial problems. While your insurance might well be able to cover the losses, the process is often relatively strenuous and long.Furthermore, securing your business after youâ€™ve been hacked can end up costing your busines s. In fact, you can end up paying for your security more after a hacking incident than you would have before it. Undoing the damage is often impossible, but prevention can ensure you never have to face the difficulties.You could also lose valuable information because of hacking. Hackers might steel company secrets that end up benefitting competitors. Your customer details are gone forever, if you donâ€™t have a proper backup. The consequences of hacking can range from minor inconvenience to the destruction of your business.In addition, financial problems can occur even indirectly as a result of hacking. As cases such as the TalkTalk incident and the Target hacking show, the businessâ€™ reputation can suffer. Not only are you often entitled to reimburse customers for any losses, but also you might have a hard time attracting new ones in the immediate future. Customers can feel wary over the security your business provides and the lack of trust can be difficult to rebuild, especially if it turns out you hadnâ€™t properly secured customer data. In fact, businesses have a legal obligation, in most cases, to protect customer data. If you donâ€™t take the appropriate steps to do so, you can inflict further financial damage on your business.5 ASPECTS OF SECURITY YOUR BUSINESS MUST COVERThe good news is that big corporations and small businesses can limit the threat of hacking with simple solutions. Securing your businessâ€™ online activities will require careful planning, but you shouldnâ€™t feel overwhelmed. The following five aspects help you understand the key security areas you should cover.#1: Use appropriate security programsThe simplest way to start securing your business is by using up-to-date software. The constant updates can sometimes seem like a drag, but you shouldnâ€™t start skipping them. Whilst it is possible to use software thatâ€™s not up-to-date, it can increase the chance of hacking. Software developers are constantly adjusting their code and impr oving the security of the system against the latest malware. If you donâ€™t stay on top of it, you put your businessâ€™ security under risk.Additionally, you also have to get used to backing up your systems. Businesses should back up all the files and systems at least once a week. The more data changes you make a day, the better it is to back up every day. You can find information about the importance of backing up your systems from the below YouTube video: Back up shouldnâ€™t simply take place in a single location either. You want to ensure your business has back up on-site, but also off-site as well. The uncomfortable truth is that every hard drive will eventually fail and you donâ€™t want this to happen to your only back up.Once you got the basics covered, you want to start adding extra layers of security to your business. Your business might need plenty of different security packages, but the essentials include:SSL â€" SSL is an essential tool to protect the information users se nd between the website and the database. The code prevents information from being read or accessed without proper access.Web Application Firewall â€" a web application firewall (WAF) can be software or hardware based. It is essentially a protection between your website service and the data connection, scouring through all of the data that passes between these two systems. WAF is typically a cloud-based system and you can find them with monthly subscription fees.Website and software scanners â€" Youâ€™ll also want to add scanners that regularly scan your website and software. They can help detect and stop malware, viruses and bad code.When you are looking for the above security programs, remember to check with a few options. Donâ€™t be scared of the costs â€" plenty of good security software can be used free or for a minor fee.#2: Enforce appropriate authenticationAuthentication and passwords are important aspects of security. Although passwords are among the best ways to protect you r data, many businesses tend to compromise on them.First, ensure your business uses a password management system. Like with the above security software, you can find password management systems in all price categories. A proper password management system ensures the business uses minimum password standards across all operations, amongst both employees and customers.In addition, you want to consider using a Two Factor Authentication (2FA) system, also known as the Two Step Verification system. This means that when the system detects an unauthorized device trying to access the data, it asks for a separate authorization code. The authentication is typically an SMS message sent to a registered number or a special code-generating app. This will prevent a hacker from accessing the data.The good news is that 2FA solutions are easy to set up and you can even get started free. Google Authenticator, for example, is an effective solution to check out.Finally, remember the appropriate rules reg arding login details and passwords. You should never send them by e-mail and you should encourage both employees and customers to regularly change their passwords.Finally, donâ€™t provide access to data to everyone in the organization. Not everyone in your business needs a business-wide data access. With each employee, and customer to some extent, think whether they need certain information and deny the data from anyone who doesnâ€™t use it.#3: Secure third-party servicesItâ€™s important to understand businesses donâ€™t act in a vacuum. Even if your business has an appropriate security system in place, third parties your business deals with might not. Therefore, you shouldnâ€™t only figure out how to secure your own system, but also make sure the companies you work with take security issues seriously.The best way to understand the importance of this is by looking at the example of Target. While the corporation had a secure defense to protect against hacking, the hackers gained acces s by using stolen authentication credentials of a subcontractor. Furthermore, the Ponemon Instituteâ€™s research shows third-party providers have a significant impact on the likelihood of hacking. You need to make sure companies that either have access to your system or who have important data about your business enforce appropriate security measures.When you start working with a third-party, check their security credentials and ensure you get a guarantee of an appropriate level of security. For example, they should use the Payment Card Industryâ€™s Data Security Standard and cloud-security certification.If you are using cloud, segregate sensitive data from less sensitive data. The more sensitive the data, the more security you want to add around it. Ensure the connection you use to access data in the cloud is secure. Systems such as virtual private networks (VPN) add more security on Wi-Fi connections. You should definitely avoid using open wireless network for accessing sensitive business data.#4: Understand the vulnerabilities that remainThe above aspects will help you build a strong defense against hacking. But even when you spend time and money on online security, you cannot have a 100% guarantee the system wonâ€™t be breached. As past instances of hacking have shown, thereâ€™s always the possibility hackers find a way to sneak into your system.In fact, security blogger Graham Cluley told FastCompany in 2014, the human element continues to be the weakest link in the security chain. â€œI fear that because we canâ€™t roll out a software patch for peopleâ€™s brains, this problem is one weâ€™re still going to have in 100 years,â€ Cluley said in the interview.But while your security canâ€™t guarantee 100% results, staying on top of your system will help limit the risk. Your security will have certain vulnerabilities, but the more you understand about them, the safer the system will be.Stay on top of the latest hacking threats through tech websites such as The Hacker News. When you find vulnerabilities, check how you could patch it up and enforce new regulations if necessary. Donâ€™t stay still when it comes to security software. Continue to keep an eye on better software and upgrade your system if you feel you require more protection. Hackers are good at improving their skills and the software you use now might not be sufficient protection in three months.Furthermore, if your business operates as an e-commerce business, you need to understand two key vulnerabilities. These are:SQL hackers use applications with SQL queries in order to gain information from the businessâ€™ database.Cross Site Scripting (XXS) â€" the attack uses applications, which take untrusted data and send it to browsers without validating the data. This can allow the hacker to take over accounts or change website content.Both of the above vulnerabilities are effectively prevented with a web application firewall.#5: Create a strong culture of cyber securityFinally, wh ile the above aspects can help you add tangible layers of security around your business, the final point is all about creating a strong culture of cyber security. Your employees are already careful of locking the doors of the business premise and ensuring windows are closed in the afternoon. But they should also be as keen to â€œlock the doorsâ€ of your online operations as well.Ensure cyber security is a key focus point in your business, not an afterthought. Whenever you are implementing a new approach or adding a new operational aspect for your business, consider it through cyber security.Figure out a proper risk management plan. You need to know the most valuable assets in the business and create a plan to protect them. But importantly, you also need to have a plan for the moment when things go wrong. The aim is to ensure your data never is stolen, lost or damaged, but you need to have a plan in place in case the unthinkable happens.Implementing a proper security plan is not dif ficult. The Internet has a wealth of information available to help you get started. Once you have an appropriate action plan in place, responding to threats is much easier and you can end up limiting the financial damage a possible breach might have.Furthermore, everyone in your business should be aware of cyber security and the best behavior associated with it â€" whether or not your business has a special IT department. It is important that employees are aware of how malware and viruses transmit and travel, as well as what they should do if they detect a breach or a problem. For example, you donâ€™t want to simply deny them visits to certain websites with office computers, but explain the dangers of this behavior. Educating your employees about the risks and the best practices can add the final layer of security. Adequate education on the matter reduces that human element.Finally, donâ€™t stop your education to your employees. You should also help your customers understand about c orrect and secure online behavior. For example, explain your information sharing rules and regulations with them. Remind them to never share personal information over e-mail, but rather always contact your customer service by phone or face-to-face.Organizing regular cyber security workshops can be an effective way to keep staff up-to-date. If you are a small business, you can make these events cheaper by organizing them together with other local SMEs. Furthermore, running cyber security workshops for your customers can be a clever branding opportunity.IN CONCLUSIONSecuring your business against hackers isnâ€™t a zero-sum game. No system or software can provide you 100% protection. But security also isnâ€™t rocket science, which costs a fortune. The above aspects of security can guarantee your business data is not only secured but you also have the appropriate attitude towards security. Make security the key focus of your business, continue to educate yourself and your employees and customers, and stay on top of the threats.In its essence, protecting your company against hackers is about making your business as secure as possible. To do this, you need the right security tools, the proper approach to security, from yourself and your business partners, and implementation of proper safeguards.

Friday, May 22, 2020

Kalamazoo College Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Kalamazoo College is a private liberal arts college with an acceptance rate of 73%. Located in southwest Michigan, Kalamazoo College is noted for the K-Plan, the schools integrated and personalized approach to a liberal arts education. Kalamazoos strengths in the liberal arts and sciences earned it a chapter of the prestigiousÃ‚ Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society. In athletics, the Kalamazoo Hornets compete within the NCAA Division III Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA). Considering applying to Kalamazoo College? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Kalamazoo College had an acceptance rate of 73%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 73 students were admitted, making Kalamazoos admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 3,371 Percent Admitted 73% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 17% SAT Scores and Requirements Kalamazoo College has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants to Kalamazoo may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required.Ã‚ During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 46% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 590 690 Math 550 680 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that of those students who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most ofÃ‚ Kalamazoo Colleges admitted students fall within theÃ‚ top 35% nationallyÃ‚ on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Kalamazoo scored between 590 and 690, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 690. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 550 and 680, while 25% scored below 550 and 25% scored above 680. While the SAT is not required, this data tells us that a composite SAT score of 1370 or higher is competitive for Kalamazoo College. Requirements Kalamazoo College does not require SAT scores for admission. For students who choose to submit scores, note that Kalamazoo participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. Kalamazoo does not require the essay section of the SAT. ACT Scores and Requirements Kalamazoo College has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 27% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 25 33 Math 24 29 Composite 24 31 This admissions data tells us that of those who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of Kalamazoo Colleges admitted students fall within theÃ‚ top 26% nationallyÃ‚ on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Kalamazoo received a composite ACT score between 24 and 31, while 25% scored above 31 and 25% scored below 24. Requirements Note that Kalamazoo College does not require ACT scores for admission. For students who choose to submit scores, Kalamazoo participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all ACT test dates. Kalamazoo does not require the optional ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Kalamazoo Colleges incoming freshmen class was 3.84, and 66% of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.75 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Kalamazoo College have primarily A grades. Self-ReportedÃ‚ GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Kalamazoo College Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Kalamazoo College. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting inÃ‚ with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Kalamazoo College, which accepts fewer than three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat competitive admissions process. If your GPA falls within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. Keep in mind, however, that Kalamazoo also has aÃ‚ holistic admissionsÃ‚ process and is test-optional, and admissions decisions are based on more than numbers. A strongÃ‚ application essay, optional Kalamazoo supplemental essay, andÃ‚ glowing letters of recommendationÃ‚ can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningfulÃ‚ extracurricular activitiesÃ‚ and aÃ‚ rigorous course schedule. The college is looking for students who will contribute to the campus community in meaningful ways, not just students who show promise in the classroom. While not required, Kalamazoo recommendsÃ‚ optional interviewsÃ‚ for interested applicants. Note that applicants with talent in art or writing might consider submitting an Arts Supplement. Students with particular ly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and scores are outside of Kalamazoos average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent students who were admitted to Kalamazoo College. Most had SAT scores (ERWM) of 1100 or higher, an ACT composite of 22 or higher, and a high school average of a B or better. Note, however, that because Kalamazoo is test-optional, standardized test scores are less important than grades and other criteria in the admission process. If You Like Kalamazoo College, You May Also Like These Schools Western Michigan UniversityPurdue UniversityBowling Green State UniversityOhio State UniversityBall State UniversityUniversityÃ‚ of Michigan - Ann ArborUniversity of Toledo All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Kalamazoo College Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Sunday, May 10, 2020

Questions on Slavery Pattern in America - 3136 Words

1. Slavery pattern in North America took a funny trend since initially the blacks had some social positions and had a voice in the running of the community. This however later changed and the North also started to own slaves at a higher rate. There are several factors that led to this change in events in the north that made it to fancy slavery just as much as the South was with its plantations. It is worth noting the background of the slavery trend in order to fully comprehend the drastic shift in slavery from the class servitude to racial slavery which was predominantly in the late 17th century and early 18th century. The black laborers and white laborers from the working class used to work on the same level and the Europeans used to be allowed to have slaves from the non-Christians population regardless of the color. The class determined the servitude. Any servant who broke his contract terms was punished regardless of the race. At the end of the slavery time, they used to be give freedom dues and let go. States like Virginia had such policies implemented very strictly in the 1625s leading to 1670s. It was during the 1670 that the trend began to change against the black slaves. The freed slaves had the right to get some piece of land as a freedom token. The tricky part with this was that as more and more slaves were released, the pressure on the land grew and they ultimately posed a danger to the land that belonged to the elite white settlers. Conflict started toShow MoreRelatedTheme Summary : Abolition Of Slavery 978 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesAbolition of Slavery Image: Photograph Depicting Boy Tied to Post The image viewed and analyzed for the purposes of this assignment is representative of an excellent piece that contributes to the abolishing slavery theme. The picture portrays a young man who canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t be much older than eighteen years in age shackled to some type of pole or post. The young man is of African-American descent and he appears to be dressed in some sort of prison garments. His pants are dingy and faded with a pattern of blackRead MoreAfrican Americans And Identity Of African American1169 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesIn the year of 1619, the largest oppressive legal structure in American History came about, the institution of slavery. Although slavery was abolished in the year of 1865, African Americans are still enslaved by intuitional racism. There are systems in place to keep minorities at a disadvantage. This system of oppression is carried by a number of factors such as; the segregation of black people in urban areas referred to as ghettos, mass incarceration rate for p eople of color, large educational gapsRead MoreHow Race Relationships Throughout The Southern Area Of The United States1153 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesIn this essay the question as to how race relationships in the southern area of the United States can be understood as social facts and further this essay will illuminate if being of black skin colour in the southern area of the United States can be regarded as pathological in respect to DurkheimÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s sociological views. Firstly one needs to define the two concepts at hand, namely (a) social facts by Durkheim and secondly, (b) pathological by Durkheim. In regards to (a) social facts, Durkheim refersRead MoreEssay On American History740 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 3 Pageswhere they were. There is hope for AmericaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s future. Each time America has met an obstacle that threatened to tie her down, she has pulled free. Overcoming British rule, slavery, discrimination, and division, she has made herself a little stronger, a little more resilient to the next obstacle the future has in store for her. The success she has experienced has not come coincidentally, but through collaboration, a continual asking of questions, and through the education of a new generation to criticallyRead MoreWhat Is The Success Of A Group Of Elephants?742 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 3 Pageswhere they were. There is hope for AmericaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s future. Each time America has met an obstacle that threatened to tie her down, she has pulled free. Overcoming British rule, slavery, discrimination, and division, she has made herself a little stronger, a little more resilient to the next obstacle the future has in store for her. The success she has experienced has not come coincidentally, but through collaboration, a continual asking of questions, and through the education of a new generation to criticallyRead MoreHistory Of Slavery During Colonial Virginia1360 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pages Morgan Hicks November 18, 2015 Introduction to Colonial Slavery HIST 2210 Ã¢â‚¬Å"Slavery in Colonial VirginiaÃ¢â‚¬ The purpose of this paper is to explain the history of slavery in Colonial Virginia. Between 1670 to 1775, slaves from Africa were transported to Colonial Virginia from three main points on the Atlantic route; Africa, the West Indies, and other British colonies. Most of the slaves were expected to already know how to perform hard labor, speak English, and have the skills valued by the EuropeansRead MoreEssay on Abraham Lincoln the Politician1473 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pagesrelations. Mainstream America would like to exist in an environment of integration and race independent societal construct. However, one cannot negate the existence of racially motivated problems. Slavery, which is a primary component of the development of what we call modern American culture and its abolition could be considered the moment where race relations started to become an issue in the US. Slavery was abolished after the civil war by President Abraham Lincoln. The question becomes, was theRead MoreHIS Part 31128 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesÃ¯ » ¿Part I Points Possible: 80 Of the following three questions, answer two of your choice. 1. Study the Memoir for the Marquis de SeignelayÃ‚ (Links to an external site.) and the 1699 Map of North AmericaÃ‚ (Links to an external site.) and respond to each of the following questions in at least three complete sentences. a. What was at issue between the French and the English? - The rivalry between the French and the English in obtaining Indian allies as well as defining boarders between the two coloniesRead MoreRelationship Between Institution of Slavery and Outbreak of Civil War863 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesInstitution of Slavery and Outbreak of Civil War Abstract Fundamentally, Slavery is an economic phenomenon. Looking at the history throughout, slavery has always existed where it has been an economic worthwhile to all those having power. Before the Civil War in U.S, nearly four million slaves lived there. Rates of return on slaves were enjoyed by the masters and these rates were comparable to assets. Industrial enterprises, cotton consumers and insurance companies benefited from slavery. This essayRead MoreRacism : Racism And It Is Fair For Label A Country Racist?1648 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagesnews organization and society goes into disbelief. In any community, racist people exist, but with all the recent stories written by major and minor news organizations, it raises the underlined theme that America is racist. But, it is fair to label a country racist? In order to answer the question, there needs to be a set definition and understanding of what racism is. Dictionary.com provides well writing definition of the word. Racism: Ã¢â‚¬Å"a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Legalizing Marijuana National Institute on Drug Abuse Free Essays

string(156) " shift the focus of his attention from one thing to another, ability to recall events, and ability to form memories $National Institute on Drug Abuse 3$\." Marijuana, a milder hallucinogen than LSD, comes from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, which originates in Central Asia but is now grown in most parts of the world. It is also known by such names as pot, grass, reefer, weed, and herb. It has for its active ingredient the mind altering substance called delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Legalizing Marijuana National Institute on Drug Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now The use of marijuana has been the subject of much debate and controversy in the past. Young people are drawn to it, musicians, movie stars and rock stars endorse it discreetly, and the general population as a whole is divided over whether it is good or bad for people, and whether it should be legalized or not. A website devoted exclusively to marijuana use recently ran an article weighing the pros and cons of legalizing it, and came up with the conclusion that legalizing has several economic benefits, and brings with it the ability of government to properly regulate its use (Shalom). This essay takes the latter position, and argues against the legalization of marijuana because of its overall ill health and social effects. Effects of Marijuana The physical effects of marijuana include increases in pulse rate and blood pressure, reddening of the eyes, coughing and dryness of the mouth. Psychological effects include a mixture of excitatory, depressive and hallucinatory characteristics, making the drug difficult to classify. The drug can produce spontaneous and unrelated ideas; perceptions of time and place can be distorted; verbal behavior may increase or cease to occur at all; and sensitivity to sound and colors might increase. Marijuana can also impair attention and memory, which suggests that smoking marijuana is not conducive to optimal school performance. When marijuana is used daily in heavy amounts, it also can impair the human reproductive system and may be involved in some birth defects. (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1). Statistics on the issue A lot of action has been presented to legalize the use of marijuana and it has been drawing a lot of attention lately. There are already twelve states in the U.S. where itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s legal for medicinal purposes. Much of the American public now believes that the drug should be legalized but others are still concerned about health damage and other unfortunate side affects, not to mention moral concerns. One of the consequences of marijuana legalization would be a large increase in drug users. Right now, drug users have a fear of law enforcement agents, but if marijuana was legalized, they no longer would have fear and would feel that it will be all right to use marijuana. Over twenty years ago, estimates of drug use among Americans was as high as 24 million, but it is now estimated to be as low as 11 million.Ã‚ In 1993, Americans spent $49 billion on illegal drugs, down from the 1988 figure of $64 billion.Ã‚ Ã‚ This decline does not mean a decrease in the use of marijuana but an increase of officers on the streets and drug awareness programs. Crackdowns being a geographically focused drug raid will only limit drug use for a time but not completely eradicate it. According to Walker, this strategy of deploying police officers in streets to catch drug users and dealers and street gangs, merely displace drugs activity to change the place of drug use. When the Violent Crime Act of 1994 was implemented, government allocated a budget to deploy additional 100,000 policemen in streets. One famous crackdown is the Operation Pressure Point in New York that for a time scared drug users away. However, in the long-term, crackdowns are not proven to be effective to totally stop drug selling and drug use despite police concentration. Eventually, the former drug suppliers and dealers were just replaced by some other persons to continue the drug activity. Even New York City police attest that the OPP may have put drug operatives in jail, but it was not an assurance that there will be no other persons to replace them. Interdiction or the process of inhibiting the flow and entry of drugs, and eradication or the process of reducing drug plants production are two methods that are seemingly out weighted by the fact that drugs is a growing international market despite huge efforts to stop its production and entry to certain territories. Walker the author has found that despite interdiction campaigns, illegal drugs that entered the country have increased significantly from 1987 to 1991. Marijuana and coca leaf production rose by almost 50% and 33% respectively. The author attributed the failure to the large border that the enforcement agencies have to guard, making it possible for drug traffickers to mutually adapt with the enforcement measures easily by putting up new entry points, and the organized mafia that supports the drug trade. Whether we like it or not, the drug market despite its being underground has been continuously expanding in both international and domestic level. The problem is, the drug users, as well as pushers are just a small part of the problem on drugs production. The real problem of the drug fight is the large mafia, and big people that benefit most from the drug economy. Interdiction and eradication efforts are doomed to fail when the major actors such as the plant owners and drug traders are not properly apprehended, together with some government allies. Marijuana is said to be the most used illegal drug in the United States, with 40 percent or 94 million of Americans aged 12 years or older having tried it at least once, and adolescents and teenagers in particular being particularly vulnerable to abusing the drug (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1, citing the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health). Other Health and Social Effects The ill health effects of marijuana have been well-documented. Heavy use of marijuana has been directly linked to the impairment of a personÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ability to shift the focus of his attention from one thing to another, ability to recall events, and ability to form memories (National Institute on Drug Abuse 3). You read "Legalizing Marijuana National Institute on Drug Abuse" in category "Essay examples" Marijuana is also said to impair balance, posture, coordination of movement and reaction time, because THC affects the proper functioning of the parts of the brain responsible for those functions (National Institute on Drug Abuse 4). Such ill effects are said to be precursors of accidents. Another ill effect of marijuana use is its link to difficulty in quitting tobacco smoking. Still another ill health effect is the predisposition of marijuana smokers to the same health problems that plague tobacco smokers such as chest illnesses, daily, cough and phlegm, obstructed airways, lung infections, and cancer of the lungs and respiratory tract (National Institute on Drug Abuse 4). The heightened risks are said to be the result of marijuana smoke containing 50 to 70 percent more carcinogens than regular tobacco smoke, and because THC is said to impair the immune function thus, making smokers more susceptible to cancer and infectious diseases (National Institute on Drug Abuse 5). Also, marijuana smoking has also been linked to an up to a four-fold increase in the risk of having a heart attack within an hour of smoking it (National Institute on Drug Abuse 5). The ill social effects of smoking marijuana are also varied and grave. Student smokers are said to perform more poorly than other students, while workers who smoke marijuana are said to have more problems with work performance (National Institute on Drug Abuse 5). Ill emotional and psychological effects such as depression, anxiety, and personality disturbances spill over into poor ability to acquire job and social skills, poor ability to cope with emotional problems because of poor problem solving and emotional skills, and lower levels of satisfaction with life in general (National Institute on Drug Abuse 5-6) An increase in drug use will result in an increase in drug related crimes if drugs are legalized. Supporters of drug legalization believe that crime and violence would decrease if drug use became legal. Statistics tell us that almost half of those arrested for committing a crime test positive for the use of drugs at the time of their arrest.Ã‚ MarijuanaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s effects cause memory loss, trouble with problem-solving, loss of motor skills and an increase in heart rate, panic attacks and anxiety. Marijuana weakens the bodyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s immune system, which could further complicate any future recovery from a serious medical condition.Ã‚ Young adults observing or knowing adults who are smoking marijuana for medicinal purposes sends a misleading message. Legalization supporters claim that marijuana significantly lessens pain and relieves nausea resulting from serious diseases. However, anti-drug groups think that legalizing marijuana for medical use is merely an ulterior motive designed to gain access to a dangerous substance. Use of Marijuana in some states In some states marijuana use is legal already for medicinal purposes.Ã‚ According to the NORML (National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws), twelve states have legalized or decriminalized the medical use of marijuana in some manner. Since 1996, Alaska, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington have passed legislation that removes state-level penalties from marijuana use by patients who have a doctorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s recommendation. Moreover, Maryland passed a medical marijuana affirmative defense law in 2003. This states that if a person is arrested for marijuana use but is found to be using marijuana out of medical necessity, even if at the time of use they did not have a doctorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s recommendation, he/she will only face a small fine. These state laws specify that marijuana can be used to treat diseases such as arthritis, cancer, chronic nervous system disorders, chronic pain, CrohnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s disease, epilepsy and other seizure disorders, glaucoma, HIV or AIDS, multiple sclerosis and other muscle spasticity disorders, and help patients cope with severe migraines, severe nausea, and the side effects of chemotherapy. The requirements for patients and doctors to be protected by these laws vary from state to state. The U.S. government has challenged the California law in several cases. Federal law does not recognize a medical use for marijuana and maintains that the drug is a controlled and a banned substance under all circumstances. Mandatory Drug Testing in Schools The main purpose of mandatory drug testing in school is not to expose and expel those whose results are positive. This method is done only to ensure the health and academic performance of each individual student. Those who have been found with positive results are assisted by the school counselor and are enrolled in a drug-education program. This would better help the student to alleviate his drug dependency and so that he may perform better academically. Also with the information that as much as 23% of American drug dependents are teenagers and perhaps in school, this could directly affect the entire school population. Peer pressure is the one of the primary causes of drug dependency. Without mitigation from the administration, drug dependency among the students would undoubtedly rise. Another cause for concern is that substances such as stimulants induce violence and aggression. This would mean that the well-being of the whole school population could be jeopardized. Therefore, mandatory drug testing is the most effective way not only to prevent drug-dependent students from harming themselves but also to prevent violence and harm to the public. Implementing it in schools in the swiftest time possible would efficiently prevent and reduce the number of drug use among the American student population. (What You Need to Know About Drug Testing in School). In sum, legalizing marijuana could potentially lead to more crime and more drug addicts. It also is sending the wrong message to our young people.Ã‚ Giving young people the impression that drugs are okay is setting a bad example.Ã‚ If young kids believe that marijuana use is not any more serious than smoking a cigarette, this could lead to serious circumstances and habits for them in the future. Conclusion Adolescents in virtually every era have been risk takers, testing limits and making shortsighted judgments.Ã‚ Today, the consequences of choosing a course of risk-taking are possibly more serious than they have ever been. Indeed, marijuana must not be legalized, lest we want our children to be dependent on them and ruining their lives over the long haul. Sources Internet 1) www.norml.org Ã‚ NORMLÃ‚ (National Organization for the Reform ofÃ‚ Marijuana Laws) 2) National Institute on Drug Abuse. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Marijuana Abuse: Research Report SeriesÃ¢â‚¬ . July 2005. Retrieved November 10, 2006 ;https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/letter-director;. Magazine 1) Time Magazine Ã¢â‚¬Å"Is America Going to Pot?Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ (issue: November 4th, 2002) 2) Newsweek magazine Ã¢â‚¬Å"The War Over WeedÃ¢â‚¬ (issue: March 16, 1998) How to cite Legalizing Marijuana National Institute on Drug Abuse, Essay examples